{"id":1047,"date":"2018-02-15T18:22:09","date_gmt":"2018-02-15T17:22:09","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/kpufo.eu\/sk\/wordpress\/index.php\/2018\/02\/15\/zobrazeni-cloveka-v-ruznych-kulturach\/"},"modified":"2024-02-25T23:30:54","modified_gmt":"2024-02-25T22:30:54","slug":"zobrazeni-cloveka-v-ruznych-kulturach","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kpufo.eu\/sk\/index.php\/2018\/02\/15\/zobrazeni-cloveka-v-ruznych-kulturach\/","title":{"rendered":"Zobrazen\u00ed \u010dlov\u011bka v r\u016fzn\u00fdch kultur\u00e1ch"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Skoro by se zd\u00e1lo, \u017ee si nev\u00edme rady s postaven\u00edm neobvykl\u00fdch zobrazen\u00ed \u010dlov\u011bka nebo jeho tv\u00e1\u0159e v d\u011bjin\u00e1ch lidsk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti, zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b pak t\u011bch zpodoben\u00ed, kter\u00e1 sv\u00fdmi rozm\u011bry se zdaj\u00ed b\u00fdt na hranici nadrozm\u011brnosti v prav\u00e9m slova smyslu.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Co cht\u011bl &#8211; nebo musel &#8211; \u0159\u00edci d\u00e1vnov\u011bk\u00fd v\u00fdtvarn\u00edk, kdy\u017e tvo\u0159il sv\u00e1 d\u00edla, z nich\u017e mnoh\u00e1 p\u0159etrvala v\u011bky a uchovala se a\u017e po dne\u0161n\u00ed dny? Pro\u010d jim v\u011bnoval sv\u00e9 produk\u010dn\u00ed s\u00edly a sv\u016fj \u010das? Snad nejpov\u011bstn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v tomto ohledu jsou slavn\u00e9 kamenn\u00e9 sochy (obr. 1) <em>Velikono\u010dn\u00edho ostrova<\/em>, o kter\u00fdch bylo ji\u017e tolik a tolik naps\u00e1no. Des\u00edtky a des\u00edtky jich kdysi st\u00e1ly, hrd\u011b vzty\u010deny, a d\u00edvaly se up\u0159en\u011b do daleka, n\u011bkam za obzor Tich\u00e9ho oce\u00e1nu. Kolik pr\u00e1ce kolika generac\u00ed \u201ep\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch um\u011blc\u016f&#8220; i jejich prost\u00fdch pomocn\u00edk\u016f se skr\u00fdvalo v jejich minul\u00e9 sl\u00e1v\u011b, kdy je zdobily ry\u0161av\u00e9 \u010dapky. Smetl je \u010das i z\u00fa\u010dtov\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 s nimi i s jejich tv\u016frci uspo\u0159\u00e1dali potla\u010den\u00ed spoluobyvatel\u00e9 tohoto miniaturn\u00edho kousku pevniny uprost\u0159ed mo\u0159sk\u00fdch pustin.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" size-full wp-image-1041\" src=\"http:\/\/kpufo.eu\/sk\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/ko1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"218\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Tak\u00e9 Indi\u00e1ni St\u0159edn\u00ed Ameriky n\u00e1m zanechali \u010detn\u00e1 zobrazen\u00ed \u010dlov\u011bka nebo jeho tv\u00e1\u0159e v nad\u017eivotn\u00edch velikostech. Pov\u011bstn\u00e1 je kolos\u00e1ln\u00ed hlava, sv\u00fdm proveden\u00edm i pojet\u00edm se zna\u010dn\u011b li\u0161\u00edc\u00ed od b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch v\u00fdrobk\u016f prav\u011bku st\u0159edoamerick\u00e9ho socha\u0159stv\u00ed (obr. 2). T\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 dvoumetrov\u00e1 v\u00fd\u0161ka ukazuje na v\u00fdznam, jak\u00fd tv\u016frci &#8211; nebo inspir\u00e1to\u0159i n\u00e1m\u011btu &#8211; p\u0159ikl\u00e1dali tv\u00e1\u0159i, kterou n\u00e1m zachoval \u010dedi\u010d, odoln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e pam\u011b\u0165 a tradi\u010dn\u00ed pod\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" size-full wp-image-1042\" src=\"http:\/\/kpufo.eu\/sk\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/ko2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"303\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kpufo.eu\/sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/ko2.jpg 300w, https:\/\/kpufo.eu\/sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/ko2-297x300.jpg 297w, https:\/\/kpufo.eu\/sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/ko2-100x100.jpg 100w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Zvl\u00e1\u0161tnost\u00ed sv\u00e9ho druhu i p\u0159es nikoliv kolos\u00e1ln\u00ed rozm\u011bry jsou dvojsochy z panamsk\u00e9ho m\u011bste\u010dka <em>Barriles<\/em> v provincii <em>Chiriqu\u00ed;<\/em> nejzachovalej\u0161\u00ed z nich (obr. 3) je vlastn\u011b zobrazen\u00edm pod\u0159\u00edzen\u00e9ho vztahu nosi\u010de, od\u011bn\u00e9ho pouze jednoduchou z\u00e1st\u011brkou, k nesen\u00e9mu, kter\u00fd je vystrojen a\u017e p\u0159epychov\u011b, jak dokazuje pokr\u00fdvka hlavy i p\u0159\u00edv\u011bsek na hrdle. Jak\u00fd vztah p\u0159edstavovaly ve sv\u00e9 dob\u011b, o tom sv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed v\u00fdmluvn\u00e1 mali\u010dkost: v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st n\u00e1lezu t\u011bchto plastik byla objevena zakopan\u00e1 na jednom m\u00edst\u011b a &#8211; rozbit\u00e1; podrobn\u00fd rozbor uk\u00e1zal, \u017ee je nezni\u010dil zub \u010dasu, ale n\u00e1\u0159ad\u00ed a s\u00edla t\u011bch, kdo je sk\u00e1celi z jejich stanovi\u0161\u0165 na v\u00fdznamn\u00fdch m\u00edstech.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" size-full wp-image-1043\" src=\"http:\/\/kpufo.eu\/sk\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/ko3.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"444\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kpufo.eu\/sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/ko3.jpg 400w, https:\/\/kpufo.eu\/sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/ko3-202x300.jpg 202w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">St\u0159edozem\u00ed po t\u00e9to str\u00e1nce bylo tak\u00e9 proslul\u00e9 &#8211; kolos na ostrov\u011b <em>Rh\u00f3du<\/em> je jenom nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, ale nikoliv posledn\u00ed \u201enad\u017eivotn\u00ed&#8220; sochou, ty\u010d\u00edc\u00ed se p\u0159ed jihoevropsk\u00fdmi b\u0159ehy. I takov\u00e1 mali\u010dk\u00e1 a po archeologick\u00e9 str\u00e1nce m\u00e1lo zn\u00e1m\u00e1 Korsika m\u00e1 ve sv\u00e9m d\u00e1vnov\u011bku n\u011bkolik obohacen\u00ed t\u00e9to str\u00e1nky v\u00fdtvarn\u00e9ho um\u011bn\u00ed: n\u011bkdy ve druh\u00e9m tis\u00edcilet\u00ed p\u0159ed na\u0161\u00edm letopo\u010dtem vzty\u010dili nositel\u00e9 dosud p\u0159esn\u011b neur\u010den\u00e9ho p\u016fvodu i spole\u010densk\u00e9 organizace na ostrov\u011b neobvykl\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed v\u00edcem\u00e9n\u011b dokonal\u00fdch zkratkovit\u00fdch zobrazen\u00ed \u010dlov\u011bka, z nich\u017e n\u011bkter\u00e1 (obr. 4) p\u016fsob\u00ed i svou snahou po v\u00fdrazn\u00e9m vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed tvaru lidsk\u00e9 tv\u00e1\u0159e.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" size-full wp-image-1044\" src=\"http:\/\/kpufo.eu\/sk\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/ko4.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"275\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kpufo.eu\/sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/ko4.jpg 400w, https:\/\/kpufo.eu\/sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/ko4-300x275.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Nejen k\u00e1men, ale i jin\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly slou\u017eily k zobrazen\u00ed i ve st\u0159edn\u00ed Evrop\u011b. Kultovn\u00ed socha n\u011bkdy z 4. a\u017e 1. stol. p\u0159ed n. I. (obr. 5) je jedn\u00edm z expon\u00e1t\u016f <em>Muzea prav\u011bku<\/em> ve <em>Weimaru<\/em> (SRN); za sv\u016fj zachoval\u00fd zjev a nepo\u0161kozenost vd\u011b\u010d\u00ed konzerva\u010dn\u00edm vlastnostem ra\u0161eliny possendorfsk\u00e9ho v\u0159esovi\u0161t\u011b, kter\u00e9 ji potopenou uchovalo a\u017e do na\u0161ich dob.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" size-full wp-image-1045\" src=\"http:\/\/kpufo.eu\/sk\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/ko5.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"566\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kpufo.eu\/sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/ko5.jpg 400w, https:\/\/kpufo.eu\/sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/ko5-159x300.jpg 159w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">O v\u00fdznamu a postaven\u00ed zobrazen\u00ed \u010dlov\u011bka v nad\u017eivotn\u00ed velikosti nejsme si v podrobnostech ani v jednotliv\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech jisti; ur\u010dit\u011b v\u0161ak hr\u00e1li oni kolos\u00e1ln\u00ed \u201enadlid\u00e9&#8220; ur\u010ditou \u00falohu v lidsk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti na \u00fasvit\u011b jej\u00ed spole\u010densk\u00e9 organizace nebo alespo\u0148 p\u0159i pokusu o prvky spole\u010densk\u00e9 organizace, jak tomu rozum\u00edme dnes. P\u0159es v\u0161echnu neu\u017eite\u010dnost a neprakti\u010dnost pro b\u011b\u017en\u00fd \u017eivot v\u00edme, \u017ee v\u011bt\u0161inou symbolizovali ve sv\u00e9 v\u00fdtvarn\u00e9 tv\u00e1\u0159nosti p\u0159edm\u011bty zbo\u017en\u011bn\u00ed, kter\u00e9 vy\u017eadovalo ob\u011btiny. Ob\u011btiny lidsk\u00e9, pen\u011b\u017en\u00ed, hmotn\u00e9, pracovn\u00ed. Mus\u00edme se tedy ve chv\u00edl\u00edch obdivu nad jejich um\u011bleck\u00fdm ztv\u00e1rn\u011bn\u00edm pozastavit nad t\u00edm, zda \u010dlov\u011bk minulosti nepostihl \u201eneprakti\u010dnost&#8220; zbo\u017en\u011bn\u00ed. Mnoh\u00e9 sv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed o tom, \u017ee na\u0161i p\u0159edkov\u00e9 &#8211; a t\u00edm mysl\u00edme p\u0159edkov\u00e9 cel\u00e9 lidsk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti &#8211; nebrali sv\u00e9 bohy a p\u00e1nb\u00ed\u010dky p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 v\u00e1\u017en\u011b. Nebo\u0165 co si myslet o v\u00e1\u017enosti a \u00fact\u011b k idolu, kter\u00fd se musel n\u00e1hradou za tu\u010dn\u00e9ho, vypasen\u00e9ho vep\u0159\u00edka spokojit n\u00e1pojem nebo hrst\u00ed zrn\u00ed z drz\u00e9 napodobeniny skute\u010dn\u00e9 a po\u017eadovan\u00e9 ob\u011btiny, jako byly nap\u0159\u00edklad miniaturn\u00ed votivn\u00ed p\u0159edm\u011bt nebo t\u0159ebas i n\u00e1doba (obr. 6), skute\u010dnost \u201ehospod\u00e1rn\u011b&#8220; napodobuj\u00edc\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" size-full wp-image-1046\" src=\"http:\/\/kpufo.eu\/sk\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/ko6.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"198\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kpufo.eu\/sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/ko6.jpg 400w, https:\/\/kpufo.eu\/sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/ko6-300x198.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">Archiv KPUFO<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Skoro by se zd\u00e1lo, \u017ee si nev\u00edme rady s postaven\u00edm neobvykl\u00fdch zobrazen\u00ed \u010dlov\u011bka nebo jeho tv\u00e1\u0159e v d\u011bjin\u00e1ch lidsk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti,<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2706,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7,9],"tags":[25,24],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kpufo.eu\/sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1047"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kpufo.eu\/sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kpufo.eu\/sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kpufo.eu\/sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kpufo.eu\/sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1047"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/kpufo.eu\/sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1047\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2789,"href":"https:\/\/kpufo.eu\/sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1047\/revisions\/2789"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kpufo.eu\/sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2706"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kpufo.eu\/sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1047"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kpufo.eu\/sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1047"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kpufo.eu\/sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1047"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}