{"id":2018,"date":"2019-03-03T00:00:18","date_gmt":"2019-03-02T23:00:18","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/kpufo.eu\/sk\/?p=2018"},"modified":"2024-01-27T02:41:16","modified_gmt":"2024-01-27T01:41:16","slug":"ohrozuje-nemesis-nasi-planetu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kpufo.eu\/sk\/index.php\/2019\/03\/03\/ohrozuje-nemesis-nasi-planetu\/","title":{"rendered":"Ohro\u017euje Nemesis na\u0161i planetu ?"},"content":{"rendered":"

V\u0161imn\u011bme si jedn\u00e9 astrofyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed zvl\u00e1\u0161tnosti Slunce \u2014 jeho osam\u011blosti.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Slunce je nejbli\u017e\u0161\u00ed hv\u011bzda, st\u0159ed a vl\u00e1dce na\u0161\u00ed planet\u00e1rn\u00ed soustavy, i kdy\u017e za posledn\u00ed dobu na\u0161e poznatky o n\u011bm a o slune\u010dn\u00ed soustav\u011b mnohon\u00e1sobn\u011b vzrostly, p\u0159esto zdaleka nev\u00edme v\u0161echno. V\u0161imn\u011bme si nap\u0159\u00edklad jedn\u00e9 astrofyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed zvl\u00e1\u0161tnosti Slunce \u2014 jeho osam\u011blosti. Nejmodern\u011bj\u0161\u00ed astronomick\u00e1 pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed prokazuj\u00ed, \u017ee hv\u011bzdy se nej\u010dast\u011bji vyskytuj\u00ed ve dvojic\u00edch (bin\u00e1rn\u00ed syst\u00e9m) nebo v mal\u00fdch skupin\u00e1ch. Jednotliv\u00e9 slo\u017eky t\u011bchto skupin jsou p\u0159itom zpravidla v prostoru bl\u00edzko sebe, tak\u017ee se navz\u00e1jem gravita\u010dn\u011b p\u0159itahuj\u00ed a ob\u00edhaj\u00ed kolem spole\u010dn\u00e9ho t\u011b\u017ei\u0161t\u011b. U Slunce v\u0161ak nebylo nic takov\u00e9ho zpozorov\u00e1no. Proto se u astronom\u016f ust\u00e1lil n\u00e1zor, \u017ee je hv\u011bzdou osam\u011blou, j\u00ed\u017e chyb\u00ed spole\u010dn\u00edk. Nebo nebyl dosud objeven?<\/p>\n

Hv\u011bzda podobn\u00e1 Slunci v na\u0161\u00ed Slune\u010dn\u00ed soustav\u011b neexistuje, proto\u017ee by neu\u0161la pozornosti. V\u00edme v\u0161ak, \u017ee existuj\u00ed i jin\u00e9 druhy hv\u011bzd, nach\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed se v pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00ed f\u00e1zi v\u00fdvoje ne\u017e Slunce. Jsou jen velmi obt\u00ed\u017en\u011b zjistiteln\u00e9. Jedny z nich jsou hv\u011bzdy zanikl\u00e9, stru\u010dn\u00e9 \u0159e\u010deno ty, kter\u00e9 ztratily termonukle\u00e1rn\u00ed palivo a jeho dod\u00e1vky z vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edho prostoru byly definitivn\u011b p\u0159eru\u0161eny. Takov\u00e9 hv\u011bzdy se n\u00e1hle zhrout\u00ed, zna\u010dn\u011b se zmen\u0161\u00ed, av\u0161ak jejich hmotnost se nezm\u011bn\u00ed, proto\u017ee podstatn\u011b vzroste jejich hustota. Hv\u011bzdy v tomto stadiu jsou pom\u011brn\u011b tepl\u00e9, vyd\u00e1vaj\u00ed b\u00edl\u00e9 sv\u011btlo a jejich rozm\u011bry jsou \u2014 v porovn\u00e1n\u00ed s b\u011b\u017en\u00fdmi hv\u011bzdami \u2014 nepatrn\u00e9. Proto jim n\u011bkdy \u0159\u00edk\u00e1me b\u00edl\u00ed trpasl\u00edci. Jako b\u00edl\u00fd trpasl\u00edk skon\u010d\u00ed jednou ka\u017ed\u00e1 hv\u011bzda, tedy i na\u0161e Slunce. Pro\u010d by takto nemohl ji\u017e skon\u010dit jeho spole\u010dn\u00edk?<\/p>\n

V letech 1982-1983 byli pomoc\u00ed r\u00e1diov\u00e9 interferometrie objeveni u n\u011bkter\u00fdch Slunci bl\u00edzk\u00fdch hv\u011bzd 10 \u2014 15 kr\u00e1t men\u0161\u00ed masivn\u00ed trpasli\u010d\u00ed souputn\u00edci. V na\u0161\u00ed Slune\u010dn\u00ed soustav\u011b v\u0161ak zat\u00edm \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd takov\u00fd trpasl\u00edk objeven nebyl. Ale n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed astronomov\u00e9 zast\u00e1vaj\u00ed n\u00e1zor, \u017ee jeho existence v n\u00ed nen\u00ed vylou\u010dena. Pono\u0159me se na chv\u00edli do sv\u011bta astronomick\u00fdch hypot\u00e9z. V posledn\u00ed dob\u011b nabyla na v\u00fdznamu souvislost mezi kosmick\u00fdmi vlivy a biologick\u00fdmi katastrofami na na\u0161\u00ed planet\u011b, hromadn\u00e9m vym\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed fl\u00f3ry a fauny, zejm\u00e9na pak popul\u00e1rn\u00edch dinosaur\u016f. K t\u00e9to hypot\u00e9ze p\u0159isp\u011blo i studium neutronov\u00fdch hv\u011bzd. Radioastronomov\u00e9 p\u0159itom zjistili zaj\u00edmavou skute\u010dnost. Pozorovatel\u016fm z na\u0161\u00ed planety se jev\u00ed, \u017ee v ur\u010dit\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti vesm\u00edru se zvy\u0161uje frekvence radioimpuls\u016f hv\u011bzd zvan\u00fdch pulsary a v protilehl\u00e9 sni\u017euje. Pulsary za to jist\u011b nemohou. Je mo\u017en\u00e9 vysv\u011btlen\u00ed, \u017ee jev odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed ur\u010ditou, dosud nezn\u00e1mou vlastnost na\u0161\u00ed slune\u010dn\u00ed soustavy. Jin\u00e9 vysv\u011btlen\u00ed jevu je, \u017ee jej zavinuje Zem\u011b a jej\u00ed pozorovatel\u00e9. To v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee Slunce s planetami je p\u0159itahov\u00e1no neviditelnou hv\u011bzdou. To by vysv\u011btlovalo i nevyjasn\u011bn\u00fd vyprovokovan\u00fd pohyb Zem\u011b, zp\u016fsobuj\u00edc\u00ed pozorov\u00e1ni zm\u011bn frekvenc\u00ed radioimpuls\u016f pulsar\u016f. T\u00edm se op\u011bt dost\u00e1v\u00e1me k hypot\u00e9ze nezn\u00e1m\u00e9 hv\u011bzdy. Dal\u0161\u00ed argumenty p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed paleontologov\u00e9. P\u0159i vyhodnocov\u00e1n\u00ed nal\u00e9zan\u00fdch fosiln\u00edch zbytk\u016f fauny a fl\u00f3ry zjistili, \u017ee za posledn\u00edch 250 milionu let do\u0161lo zhruba k deseti epoch\u00e1m intenzivn\u00edho vym\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed biologick\u00fdch druh\u016f.<\/p>\n

Ned\u00e1vno odborn\u00edci chicagsk\u00e9 univerzity prozkoumali vym\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed 600 druh\u016f b\u011bhem onoho obdob\u00ed a zjistili ur\u010ditou pravidelnost tohoto v\u00fdrazn\u00e9ho jevu za ka\u017ed\u00fdch zhruba 26 mili\u00f3n\u016f let: 247, 220, 194, 163, 144, 125, 91, 65, 38 a 11 mili\u00f3n\u016f let.
\nPravidelnost znamen\u00e1 z\u00e1konitost. Po n\u00e1hl\u00e9m a rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9m vym\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed biologick\u00fdch druh\u016f p\u0159ed 65 mili\u00f3ny let vyhynuli nejen zn\u00e1m\u00ed dinosau\u0159i, ale mnoho dal\u0161\u00edch druh\u016f \u017eivo\u010dich\u016f a rostlin v objemu t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 70 % v\u0161ech tehdy na Zemi existuj\u00edc\u00edch. V roce 1970 americk\u00fd geolog Walter Alvarez (1) v It\u00e1lii zjistil, \u017ee ve stejn\u00fdch vrstv\u00e1ch, v nich\u017e nalezl zbytky zanikl\u00fdch organism\u016f, se objevoval anom\u00e1ln\u00ed nadbytek iridia \u2014 na Zemi velmi vz\u00e1cn\u00e9ho, ale ve vesm\u00edru dostatkov\u00e9ho chemick\u00e9ho prvku. Tento fakt jej p\u0159ivedl k hypot\u00e9ze, \u017ee p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou vym\u0159en\u00ed dinosaur\u016f p\u0159ed 65 mili\u00f3ny let byl n\u00e1raz mimozemsk\u00e9ho objektu, bohat\u00e9ho na iridium. Touto odv\u00e1\u017enou my\u0161lenkou podpo\u0159il n\u00e1zor sv\u00e9ho otce Luis Alvareze, fyzika a nositele Nobelovy ceny, jen\u017e h\u00e1jil teorii vym\u0159en\u00ed dinosaur\u016f na n\u00e1sledn\u00e9 zm\u011bny klimatu po dopadu asteroidu na Zemi. (2)<\/p>\n

Pro\u010d ale ur\u010dit\u00e1 periodicita? Nov\u00e9 hypot\u00e9zy roz\u0161i\u0159uj\u00ed n\u00e1zory obou Alvarez\u016f a dokl\u00e1daj\u00ed, \u017ee ji zavinila nezn\u00e1m\u00e1 hv\u011bzda, kter\u00e1 se na sv\u00e9 dr\u00e1ze pravideln\u011b st\u0159et\u00e1v\u00e1 se zn\u00e1m\u00fdm Oortov\u00fdm komet\u00e1rn\u00edm oblakem, ovlivn\u00ed tak dr\u00e1hy tis\u00edce komet, tyto se p\u0159i\u0159\u00edt\u00ed k Zemi a jej\u00ed povrch doslova bombarduj\u00ed. N\u00e1raz j\u00e1dra takov\u00e9 komety, tvo\u0159en\u00e9ho kosmick\u00fdm ledovcem a let\u00edc\u00edho rychlost\u00ed meziplanet\u00e1rn\u00ed rakety, astronomov\u00e9 p\u0159irovn\u00e1vaj\u00ed k \u00fa\u010dinku, jak\u00fd by vyvolalo v\u00edce ne\u017e sto sou\u010dasn\u00fdch nukle\u00e1rn\u00edch bomb.<\/p>\n

V\u00fdzkumy velk\u00fdch meteorick\u00fdch kr\u00e1ter\u016f potvrzuj\u00ed, \u017ee mnoh\u00e9 nevulkanick\u00e9 vykazuj\u00ed stejn\u00e9 st\u00e1\u0159\u00ed (26\u201428 mili\u00f3n\u016f let) a mohly vzniknout pr\u00e1v\u011b v d\u016fsledku prudce zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9ho kosmick\u00e9ho \u201ebombardov\u00e1n\u00ed“ povrchu na\u0161\u00ed modr\u00e9 planety. Periodicita jejich vzniku je pak velmi bl\u00edzk\u00e1 periodicit\u011b biologick\u00fdch katastrof a vym\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed druh\u016f na Zemi v masov\u00e9m m\u011b\u0159\u00edtku.<\/p>\n

Kde je v\u0161ak nezn\u00e1m\u00e1 hv\u011bzda, kter\u00e1 tuto periodicitu zp\u016fsobuje? Jde o zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9ho trpasl\u00edka, nebo ji vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 jin\u00e9 nebesk\u00e9 t\u011bleso, nap\u0159\u00edklad nezn\u00e1m\u00e1 planeta X, ji\u017e astronomov\u00e9 u\u017e del\u0161\u00ed dobu p\u0159edpokl\u00e1daj\u00ed za planetami Neptunem a Plutem?<\/p>\n

Tato hypotetick\u00e1 planeta, jej\u00ed\u017e existence byla p\u0159edpov\u011bzena jako zd\u016fvodn\u011bn\u00ed dosud nevysv\u011btliteln\u00fdch nepravidelnost\u00ed orbit\u00e1ln\u00ed dr\u00e1hy Uranu a Neptuna, kter\u00e9 by mohla zp\u016fsobit gravita\u010dn\u00ed s\u00edla nezn\u00e1m\u00e9ho pob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00edho objektu, je ve vzd\u00e1lenosti kolem 8 miliard kilometr\u016f. P\u0159i t\u00e9to vzd\u00e1lenosti m\u016f\u017ee jeho ob\u011bh kolem Slunce trvat i tis\u00edce let, a proto z\u016fstal doposud neodhalen.<\/p>\n

Zat\u00edm se astronomov\u00e9 p\u0159ikl\u00e1n\u011bj\u00ed sp\u00ed\u0161e k hypot\u00e9ze existence tajemn\u00e9 hv\u011bzdy a za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00ed ji hledat ve vesm\u00edru. l kdy\u017e ji je\u0161t\u011b neobjevili, pojmenoval americk\u00fd astronom Marc Davis (3) nezn\u00e1mou mrtvou hv\u011bzdu po \u0159eck\u00e9 bohyni spravedliv\u00e9 odplaty \u2014 Nemesis. Jm\u00e9no je p\u0159\u00edhodn\u00e9, bohyn\u011b trestala zlo\u010din a zpupnost a rozd\u00e1vala \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed nebo ne\u0161t\u011bst\u00ed. N\u011bkdy se j\u00ed \u0159\u00edkalo Adrasteia, co\u017e se zd\u00e1 je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159il\u00e9hav\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u2014 ta, p\u0159ed n\u00ed\u017e nen\u00ed \u00faniku. Co o n\u00ed v\u00edme, \u017ee uva\u017eujeme o jej\u00ed existenci?<\/p>\n

Podle platn\u00e9 hypot\u00e9zy ob\u00edh\u00e1 slune\u010dn\u00ed soustavu ve vzd\u00e1lenosti 150 000 kr\u00e1t v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e je vzd\u00e1lenost d\u011bl\u00edc\u00ed Zemi od Slunce. Posledn\u00ed katastrof\u00e1ln\u00ed epocha postihla na\u0161i planetu p\u0159ed 11 mili\u00f3ny let. Pokud skute\u010dn\u011b souvisela s p\u016fsoben\u00edm Nemesis, pak by se tajemn\u00e1 hv\u011bzda nyn\u00ed musela nach\u00e1zet podle v\u0161ech pravidel ve vzd\u00e1lenosti asi 30 bilion\u016f kilometr\u016f od n\u00e1s, pobl\u00ed\u017e nejvzd\u00e1len\u011bj\u0161\u00edho bodu sv\u00e9 dr\u00e1hy. A jeliko\u017e se poda\u0159\u00ed jak\u00e9koli nahodil\u00e9 hv\u011bzd\u011b nebo plynn\u00e9mu oblaku prolet\u011bt bl\u00edzko Nemesis a ona nav\u017edy ztrat\u00ed svazek se slune\u010dn\u00ed soustavou, ulet\u00ed do prostor Galaxie… Zdali ov\u0161em existuje…“<\/p>\n

Honba na Nemesis za\u010dala. Objev\u00ed-li v\u0161ak astronomov\u00e9 tajemnou hv\u011bzdu, nemus\u00ed to znamenat, \u017ee za patn\u00e1ct mili\u00f3n\u016f let dojde jej\u00ed vinou k dal\u0161\u00ed biologick\u00e9 i katastrof\u011b na Zemi. Kosmick\u00e9 vlivy na z\u00e1sadn\u00ed zm\u011bny v\u00fdvoje \u017eivota na na\u0161\u00ed planet\u011b jsou slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Ani v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee se potvrd\u00ed spojitost mezi meteorick\u00fdmi kr\u00e1tery a vrstvami iridia na Zemi s biologick\u00fdmi katastrofami, nemus\u00ed to b\u00fdt d\u016fkazem existence a p\u016fsoben\u00ed druh\u00e9 hv\u011bzdy. \u010casov\u00fdm mechanismem kometov\u00e9ho de\u0161t\u011b m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt i jin\u00e1 skute\u010dnost. V. Surdin k tomu dod\u00e1v\u00e1: \u201eN\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed astronomov\u00e9 obr\u00e1tili pozornost na to, \u017ee Slunce p\u0159i sv\u00e9m pohybu kolem st\u0159edu Galaxie vykazuje spolu s planetami men\u0161\u00ed odchylku od galaktick\u00e9 roviny.<\/p>\n

B\u011bhem sv\u00e9 pouti j\u00ed \u0161estkr\u00e1t proch\u00e1z\u00ed. Touto rovinou pak prol\u00e9t\u00e1v\u00e1 ka\u017ed\u00fdch 30 mili\u00f3n\u016f let. Je t\u011bchto 30 mili\u00f3n\u016f let jenom dal\u0161\u00ed shoda? Z\u00e1rove\u0148 se zjistilo, \u017ee perioda tohoto pr\u016fletu se tak\u00e9 t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 shoduje s dobou biologick\u00fdch katastrof…“<\/p>\n

Podle m\u00edn\u011bn\u00ed mnoha odborn\u00edk\u016f je t\u0159eba br\u00e1t nav\u00edc \u201en\u00e1hl\u00e9“ vyhynut\u00ed dinosaur\u016f a jin\u00fdch \u017eivo\u010dich\u016f s rezervou: p\u0159ed 65 mili\u00f3ny let bylo snad tis\u00edckr\u00e1t pomalej\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e drastick\u00e9 vym\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed velk\u00fdch suchozemsk\u00fdch savc\u016f koncem posledn\u00ed ledov\u00e9 doby.<\/p>\n

A\u0165 tak \u010di onak, jist\u011b souhlas\u00edme se sov\u011btsk\u00fdm publicistou B. Silkinem, kter\u00fd k tomuto probl\u00e9mu v \u010dasopise Znanije-siia napsal: \u201eKa\u017ed\u00e1 nov\u00e1 my\u0161lenka m\u00e1 nem\u00e1lo protivn\u00edk\u016f. Bezpochyby budou setrv\u00e1vat, na sv\u00fdch n\u00e1zorech do t\u00e9 doby, dokud nebude nov\u00e1 hv\u011bzda odhalena, nebude potvrzena jej\u00ed hmotnost, pops\u00e1na jej\u00ed dr\u00e1ha, potvrzuj\u00edc\u00ed mo\u017enost ovliv\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed roje komet …“<\/p>\n

Odkazy<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

(1) Walter Alvarez. Wikipedia. Internet: https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Walter_Alvarez<\/a> <\/em>
\n(2) Luis Alvarez. Wikipedia. Internet: https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Luis_%C3%81lvarez<\/a> <\/em>
\n(3) Marc Davis (astronomer). Wikipedia. Internet: https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Marc_Davis_(astronomer)<\/a> <\/em><\/p>\n

Z archivu KPUFO<\/em><\/p>\n

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V\u0161imn\u011bme si jedn\u00e9 astrofyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed zvl\u00e1\u0161tnosti Slunce \u2014 jeho osam\u011blosti.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2689,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[54],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kpufo.eu\/sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2018"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kpufo.eu\/sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kpufo.eu\/sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kpufo.eu\/sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kpufo.eu\/sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2018"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/kpufo.eu\/sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2018\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2757,"href":"https:\/\/kpufo.eu\/sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2018\/revisions\/2757"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kpufo.eu\/sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2689"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kpufo.eu\/sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2018"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kpufo.eu\/sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2018"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kpufo.eu\/sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2018"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}