{"id":3125,"date":"2012-06-30T00:36:27","date_gmt":"2012-06-29T22:36:27","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/kpufo.eu\/sk\/?p=3125"},"modified":"2024-04-17T18:41:54","modified_gmt":"2024-04-17T16:41:54","slug":"nove-stopy-k-zahade-tunguzskeho-meteoritu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kpufo.eu\/sk\/index.php\/2012\/06\/30\/nove-stopy-k-zahade-tunguzskeho-meteoritu\/","title":{"rendered":"Nov\u00e9 stopy k z\u00e1had\u011b tunguzsk\u00e9ho meteoritu"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Z\u00e1hadn\u00fd v\u00fdbuch zam\u011bstn\u00e1v\u00e1 v\u011bdce ji\u017e v\u00edce ne\u017e sto let<\/strong><!--more--><br \/>\nZ\u00e1hadn\u00fd v\u00fdbuch, k n\u011bmu\u017e do\u0161lo 30. \u010dervna 1908 brzy r\u00e1no v Podkamenn\u00e9 Tunguzsk\u00e9 oblasti, zam\u011bstn\u00e1v\u00e1 badatele ji\u017e v\u00edce ne\u017e sto let. Ned\u00e1vno skupina odborn\u00edk\u016f z Bolo\u0148sk\u00e9 univerzity objevila uprost\u0159ed jezera \u010ceko, kter\u00e9 se nach\u00e1z\u00ed osm kilometr\u016f od epicentra v\u00fdbuchu, podivnou anom\u00e1lii, kter\u00e1 m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt \u00falomkem nebesk\u00e9ho t\u011blesa.<\/p>\n<p>Tunguska je spole\u010dn\u00fd n\u00e1zev t\u0159\u00ed nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch pravostrann\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edtok\u016f Jeniseje: Horn\u00ed (Angara), St\u0159edn\u00ed (Podkamennaja) a Doln\u00ed. V oblasti Podkamenn\u00e9 Tungusky pobl\u00ed\u017e osady Vanavara byla 30. \u010dervna 1908 kolem sedm\u00e9 hodiny rann\u00ed pozorov\u00e1na velk\u00e1 ohniv\u00e1 koule let\u00edc\u00ed nad \u00fazem\u00edm povod\u00ed Jeniseje od jihov\u00fdchodu k severoz\u00e1padu (podle alternativn\u00edch sv\u011bdectv\u00ed m\u011blo t\u011bleso v\u00e1lcovit\u00fd tvar). Let skon\u010dil ohlu\u0161uj\u00edc\u00ed exploz\u00ed, kter\u00e1 se ozvala nad hlubokou tajgou ve v\u00fd\u0161ce sedmi a\u017e deseti kilometr\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>Silnou tlakovou vlnu zaznamenaly observato\u0159e po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b. Sv\u011bteln\u00fd z\u00e1blesk byl pozorov\u00e1n na velkou vzd\u00e1lenost &#8211; vybuchuj\u00edc\u00ed koule se zm\u011bnila v ohniv\u00fd sloup vysok\u00fd asi 20 kilometr\u016f. Na \u00fazem\u00ed dlouh\u00e9m v\u00edce ne\u017e 2 tis\u00edce kilometr\u016f byly popadan\u00e9 stromy a v domech vzd\u00e1len\u00fdch stovky kilometr\u016f od epicentra v\u00fdbuchu vyra\u017een\u00e1 okna.<\/p>\n<p>A\u010d se to m\u016f\u017ee zd\u00e1t podivn\u00e9, 13 let se nikdo neodv\u00e1\u017eil prov\u00e1d\u011bt v\u00fdzkum v m\u00edst\u011b v\u00fdbuchu. Teprve v roce 1921 se o ni za\u010dal v\u00e1\u017en\u011b zaj\u00edmat nad\u0161enec a romantik, zam\u011bstnanec Mineralogick\u00e9ho muzea v Moskv\u011b Leonid Alexejevi\u010d Kulik, kter\u00fd se o tunguzsk\u00e9 z\u00e1had\u011b n\u00e1hodou dozv\u011bd\u011bl z listu star\u00e9ho trhac\u00edho kalend\u00e1\u0159e. S podporou akademik\u016f V. I. Vernadsk\u00e9ho a A. E. Fersmana zorganizoval prvn\u00ed expedici do Podkamenn\u00e9 tunguzsk\u00e9 oblasti.<\/p>\n<p>Kulik a jeho spole\u010dn\u00edci nasb\u00edrali v\u00edce ne\u017e 230 \u00falomk\u016f o hmotnosti p\u0159es 200 kilogram\u016f. Jednalo se v\u0161ak o \u00falomky meteorit\u016f, kter\u00e9 p\u0159edt\u00edm spadly do tajgy. Krom\u011b toho expedice na\u0161la mikroskopick\u00e9 silik\u00e1tov\u00e9 a magnetitov\u00e9 kuli\u010dky a tak\u00e9 \u00falomky horniny se zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fdm obsahem prvk\u016f, kter\u00e9 nazna\u010dovaly mo\u017en\u00fd kosmick\u00fd p\u016fvod t\u00e9to l\u00e1tky. Nikdy v\u0161ak nebylo zji\u0161t\u011bno, zda souvis\u00ed s v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00fdmi ud\u00e1lostmi.<\/p>\n<p>K dne\u0161n\u00edmu dni existuje asi 120 v\u011bdeck\u00fdch, t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u011bdeck\u00fdch a pseudov\u011bdeck\u00fdch hypot\u00e9z vysv\u011btluj\u00edc\u00edch podstatu tunguzsk\u00e9ho jevu. Nejroz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed z nich &#8211; p\u00e1d meteoritu (pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b \u017eelezn\u00e9ho) nebo pr\u016flet meteoritick\u00e9ho roje &#8211; byla rychle zpochybn\u011bna, proto\u017ee se nepoda\u0159ilo naj\u00edt \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 \u00falomky meteoritu.<\/p>\n<p>Navzdory pochybnostem o meteoritick\u00e9 povaze v\u00fdbuchu nad\u0161enci nad\u00e1le p\u00e1traj\u00ed po kr\u00e1teru (\u010di kr\u00e1terech) v oblasti \u00fadajn\u00e9ho epicentra. A to ne zcela ne\u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b.<\/p>\n<p>Tak se v roce 1994 poda\u0159ilo \u010dlenu v\u00fdzkumn\u00e9ho sdru\u017een\u00ed &#8222;Kosmopoisk&#8220; V. Romeikovi po\u0159\u00eddit \u00fasp\u011b\u0161nou leteckou fotografii oblasti Podkamenn\u00e9 Tunguzky. Na sn\u00edmc\u00edch jsou jasn\u011b patrn\u00e9 obrysy z\u00e1hadn\u00e9ho jezera, kter\u00e9 se nach\u00e1z\u00ed n\u011bkolik des\u00edtek kilometr\u016f od p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dan\u00e9ho epicentra v\u00fdbuchu.<\/p>\n<p>Jezero m\u00e1 kulat\u00fd tvar a jeho plocha je 200 kr\u00e1t 250 metr\u016f. B\u0159ehy jezera jsou zarostl\u00e9 lesem, kde n\u011bkter\u00e9 stromy popadaly&#8230; Proto\u017ee tajga v okol\u00ed je obt\u00ed\u017en\u011b pr\u016fchodn\u00e1, nebylo toto m\u00edsto d\u0159\u00edve t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 nikomu zn\u00e1mo. Podle hypot\u00e9zy V. Romeika se jedn\u00e1 o vodou napln\u011bn\u00fd trycht\u00fd\u0159 meteorick\u00e9ho p\u016fvodu.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-3126 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/kpufo.eu\/sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/sk_Nov\u00e9-stopy-k-z\u00e1had\u011b-tunguzsk\u00e9ho-meteoritu.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"200\" height=\"150\" \/>Na dal\u0161\u00ed &#8222;meteoritick\u00fd kr\u00e1ter&#8220; narazili v roce 2007 v\u011bdci z Bolon\u011b pod veden\u00edm specialisty na mo\u0159skou geologii Luky Gasperiniho. Italov\u00e9 upozornili na tajgov\u00e9 jezero <strong><em>\u010ceko,<\/em><\/strong> kter\u00e9 le\u017e\u00ed osm kilometr\u016f severoz\u00e1padn\u011b od \u00fadajn\u00e9ho epicentra v\u00fdbuchu. Poloha n\u00e1dr\u017ee se shoduje s dr\u00e1hou letu ob\u0159\u00edho t\u011blesa, kter\u00e9 bylo pozd\u011bji bez v\u011bt\u0161\u00edho d\u016fvodu nazv\u00e1no tunguzsk\u00fdm meteoritem. Zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 je, \u017ee jezero \u010ceko nen\u00ed vyzna\u010deno na \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 map\u011b po\u0159\u00edzen\u00e9 p\u0159ed rokem 1929 a podle sv\u011bdectv\u00ed m\u00edstn\u00edch obyvatel p\u0159ed katastrofou v roce 1908 prost\u011b neexistovalo&#8230;..<\/p>\n<p>V r\u00e1mci projektu Tunguska 99 provedl Gasperini se sv\u00fdmi kolegy ter\u00e9nn\u00ed pr\u016fzkum jezera. P\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm je zaujal jeho t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 pravideln\u00fd p\u016flkulat\u00fd tvar. Uk\u00e1zalo se tak\u00e9, \u017ee dno n\u00e1dr\u017ee m\u00e1 tvar ku\u017eele a jeho maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed hloubka je asi 50 metr\u016f. To by mohlo nazna\u010dovat, \u017ee si v tomto m\u00edst\u011b n\u011bco obrovsk\u00e9ho ud\u011blalo tunel a propadlo se do zem\u011b. Georadar skute\u010dn\u011b odhalil n\u011bjak\u00fd velk\u00fd objekt v hloubce 10 metr\u016f pod dnem jezera.<\/p>\n<p>Ital\u0161t\u00ed v\u011bdci p\u0159edpokl\u00e1daj\u00ed, \u017ee &#8222;vin\u00edkem&#8220; vzniku n\u00e1dr\u017ee byl \u00falomek explodovan\u00e9ho vesm\u00edrn\u00e9ho t\u011blesa. Hmotnost &#8222;\u00falomku&#8220; je p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 1,5?106 kilogramu.<\/p>\n<p>A\u0165 tak \u010di onak, n\u00e1lezy &#8222;kr\u00e1ter\u016f&#8220; jsou v\u0161ak zat\u00edm jen spekulacemi. Dosud se v Podkamenn\u00e9 Tunguzsk\u00e9 oblasti nena\u0161ly \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 p\u0159edm\u011bty, o nich\u017e by bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 s jistotou \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee souvisej\u00ed s on\u011bmi d\u00e1vn\u00fdmi ud\u00e1lostmi&#8230;..<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Z\u00e1hadn\u00fd v\u00fdbuch zam\u011bstn\u00e1v\u00e1 v\u011bdce ji\u017e v\u00edce ne\u017e sto let<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2689,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[28,48,26],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kpufo.eu\/sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3125"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kpufo.eu\/sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kpufo.eu\/sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kpufo.eu\/sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kpufo.eu\/sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3125"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/kpufo.eu\/sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3125\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3127,"href":"https:\/\/kpufo.eu\/sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3125\/revisions\/3127"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kpufo.eu\/sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2689"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kpufo.eu\/sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3125"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kpufo.eu\/sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3125"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kpufo.eu\/sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3125"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}