{"id":337,"date":"2010-11-30T00:00:49","date_gmt":"2010-11-29T23:00:49","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/kpufo.eu\/sk\/wordpress\/index.php\/2010\/11\/30\/tajomstva-templarov-3\/"},"modified":"2024-02-26T01:29:29","modified_gmt":"2024-02-26T00:29:29","slug":"tajomstva-templarov-3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kpufo.eu\/sk\/index.php\/2010\/11\/30\/tajomstva-templarov-3\/","title":{"rendered":"TAJOMSTV\u00c1 TEMPL\u00c1ROV (3)"},"content":{"rendered":"

Motto: Non nobis, Domine, non nobis, sed Nomini Tuo da gloriam. (Nie pre n\u00e1s, Bo\u017ee, nie pre n\u00e1s, ale da\u0165 Tvojmu menu sl\u00e1vu) – heslo templ\u00e1rov<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

\"voj\"Z\u00a0ochrany p\u00fatnikov sa vyvinula pre templ\u00e1rov ve\u013emi r\u00fdchlo povinnos\u0165 bojova\u0165 proti neveriacim a udr\u017ea\u0165 Sv\u00e4t\u00fa zem v\u00a0kres\u0165ansk\u00fdch ruk\u00e1ch. Bohatstvo templ\u00e1rov narastalo hlavne v\u010faka v\u00fdsady p\u00e1pe\u017ea Inocenca II., pod\u013ea ktorej si mohol r\u00e1d ponecha\u0165 v\u0161etku vojnov\u00fa koris\u0165 a s\u00fa\u010dasne bol r\u00e1d osloboden\u00fd od platenia desiatok, cla a m\u00fdtneho. <\/strong><\/p>\n

Z\u00e1sluhou t\u00fdchto jedine\u010dn\u00fdch v\u00fdsad a taktie\u017e skuto\u010dnos\u0165ou, \u017ee templ\u00e1ri za svoju udatnos\u0165 v\u00a0kri\u017eiackych v\u00fdprav\u00e1ch dost\u00e1vali najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie odmeny, sa stali templ\u00e1ri najbohat\u0161ou in\u0161tit\u00faciou svojho druhu na svete.<\/p>\n

Templ\u00e1ri za\u010dali vytv\u00e1ra\u0165 svoje s\u00eddla i mimo \u00fazemia Sv\u00e4tej zeme a novoprijat\u00ed \u010dlenovia sa u\u017e nemuseli z\u00fa\u010dast\u0148ova\u0165 kri\u017eiackeho \u0165a\u017eenia, sta\u010dilo pre r\u00e1d pracova\u0165 v\u00a0zemi, v\u00a0ktorej \u017eili. Pr\u00e1ce nemali m\u00e1lo, ve\u010f museli obhospodarova\u0165 ve\u013ek\u00fd pozemkov\u00fd majetok, po\u010detn\u00e9 hrady, kostoly, kl\u00e1\u0161tory a domy, ktor\u00e9 r\u00e1d dost\u00e1val od \u0161\u013eachticov i panovn\u00edkov ako dary. Vo Franc\u00fazsku sa stali dokonca kr\u00e1\u013eovsk\u00fdmi bank\u00e1rmi a kr\u00e1\u013eovsk\u00e1 pokladnica bola umiestnen\u00e1 v\u00a0ich s\u00eddle \u2013 par\u00ed\u017eskom Templi.<\/p>\n

Z\u00a0tej doby sa o templ\u00e1roch traduje, \u017ee s\u00fa vyn\u00e1lezcami \u0161eku. Templ\u00e1ri toti\u017e pon\u00fakli svoje slu\u017eby v\u0161etk\u00fdm, ktor\u00ed sa rozhodli putova\u0165 ku Sv\u00e4t\u00e9mu hrobu a ob\u00e1vali sa vzia\u0165 si so sebou cennosti. Prevzali majetok od p\u00fatnikov a vystavili im patri\u010dn\u00e9 potvrdenie. Majitelia si mohli uschovan\u00e9 veci vzia\u0165 pri n\u00e1vrate nasp\u00e4\u0165, alebo si mohli necha\u0165 v\u00a0Jeruzaleme predlo\u017een\u00edm potvrdenia vyplati\u0165 ulo\u017een\u00e9 vz\u00e1cnosti v\u00a0peniazoch. Z\u00a0ka\u017edej transakcie plynula do pokladnice r\u00e1du \u010fal\u0161ia suma pe\u0148az\u00ed. Pod\u013ea dostupn\u00fdch z\u00e1znamov mal r\u00e1d okolo r. 1260 asi 20 000 rytierov a vlastnil pribli\u017ene 9000 usadlost\u00ed! Niektor\u00e9 stavby, ktor\u00fdch autorstvo sa pripisuje templ\u00e1rom, s\u00fa postaven\u00e9 na zvl\u00e1\u0161tnych miestach a v\u00a0\u0161peci\u00e1lnom symbolickom slohu, \u010do d\u00e1va tu\u0161i\u0165 ezoterick\u00e9 znalosti o pr\u00faden\u00ed energi\u00ed a schopnos\u0165 ovl\u00e1dania m\u00e1gie. D\u00f4kazom je kaplnka San Bartolom\u00e9 v\u00a0\u0160panielsku, ktor\u00e1 je postaven\u00e1 v bl\u00edzkosti jaskyne sv\u00e4t\u00e9ho Bartolomeja, rieky Rio Lobos a kamenn\u00e9ho st\u013apu \u2013 megalitu. Prv\u00e9 zmienky o jej stavbe poch\u00e1dzaj\u00fa z\u00a0roku 1170 a templ\u00e1ri ju celkom prestavali r. 1230.<\/p>\n

V\u00a0stavbe je zakomponovan\u00fdch mno\u017estvo templ\u00e1rskych symbolov, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa umiest\u0148ovan\u00e9 na d\u00f4myseln\u00fdch miestach. Napr. ju\u017en\u00e1 prie\u010dna lo\u010f je ukon\u010den\u00e1 okennou rozetou, ktor\u00fa tvor\u00ed p\u00e4\u0165 okvetn\u00fdch listov v\u00a0tvare srdca. Pri poh\u013eade z\u00a0vn\u00fatra kaplnky sa pri ur\u010ditom osvetlen\u00ed men\u00ed tento znak na pentagram (p\u00e4\u0165c\u00edpa hviezda) \u2013 ob\u013e\u00faben\u00fd magick\u00fd symbol. Okrem t\u00fdchto stavebn\u00fdch prvkov je kaplnka zauj\u00edmav\u00e1 aj svojim umiestnen\u00edm. \u0160panielsky b\u00e1date\u013e Juan Garcia Atienza pri\u0161iel pri svojich pokusoch na skuto\u010dnos\u0165, \u017ee templ\u00e1rska kaplnka sa nach\u00e1dza na mieste, od ktor\u00e9ho je rovnako vzdialen\u00e9 najz\u00e1padnej\u0161ie (mys Finisterre pri pobre\u017e\u00ed Atlantick\u00e9ho oce\u00e1nu) a najv\u00fdchodnej\u0161ie miesto (stredomorsk\u00fd mys Creus) \u0161panielskej \u010dasti polostrova \u2013 toti\u017e 527, 127 kilometrov v\u00a0oboch smeroch. Nie je to iste n\u00e1hoda, ale d\u00f4kaz neuverite\u013ene presn\u00fdch geografick\u00fdch znalost\u00ed templ\u00e1rov.<\/p>\n

R\u00e1d bol rozdelen\u00fd na provincie \u2013 v\u00a0Oriente boli 3 a v\u00a0Eur\u00f3pe asi 12, v\u00a0\u010dele ktor\u00fdch st\u00e1li ve\u013ekopreceptori. Provincie sa skladali z\u00a0prior\u00e1tov alebo preceptor\u00e1tov, balle\u00ed a komt\u00fari\u00ed, jednotliv\u00e9 s\u00eddla sa naz\u00fdvali komendy.\u00a0 Najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161iu moc v\u00a0r\u00e1de mal konvent, ktor\u00fd sa skladal z\u00a0ve\u013emajstra, najvy\u0161\u0161\u00edch \u00faradn\u00edkov a rytierov. Strach z\u00a0templ\u00e1rov a z\u00e1vis\u0165 mali za n\u00e1sledok vznik r\u00f4znych f\u00e1m a historiek, ktor\u00e9 mali r\u00e1d zdiskreditova\u0165 na verejnosti i u p\u00e1pe\u017ea. Po p\u00e1de Akkonu v\u00a0roku 1291 prelo\u017eili svoje s\u00eddlo templ\u00e1ri na Cyprus, ktor\u00fd im cel\u00fd patril a odtia\u013e pre\u0161li do Franc\u00fazska, kde si v\u00a0r. 1306 ve\u013emajster Jacques de Molay zvolil za s\u00eddlo Par\u00ed\u017e.<\/p>\n

Ohromn\u00e9 bohatstvo i moc r\u00e1du vzbudili z\u00e1vis\u0165 u franc\u00fazskeho kr\u00e1\u013ea Filipa IV. Pekn\u00e9ho (1268 \u2013 1314), ktor\u00fd mal finan\u010dn\u00e9 \u0165a\u017ekosti. Jeho nepriate\u013estvo vo\u010di templ\u00e1rom bolo zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 i tou okolnos\u0165ou, \u017ee r\u00e1d podliehaj\u00faci priamo p\u00e1pe\u017eovi, podporoval p\u00e1pe\u017ea Bonif\u00e1ca VIII. v\u00a0jeho spore s\u00a0Filipom IV.<\/p>\n

Ke\u010f po Bonif\u00e1covi VIII. nast\u00fapil povo\u013enej\u0161\u00ed Kliment V., kr\u00e1\u013e sa odhodlal zni\u010di\u0165 r\u00e1d. Filip IV. poveril svojho ministra Nogareta a inkviz\u00edtora Franc\u00fazska Ymberta, aby tajne zhroma\u017edili v\u0161etok materi\u00e1l, ktor\u00fd by skompromitoval templ\u00e1rsky r\u00e1d. Na z\u00e1klade takto z\u00edskan\u00fdch inform\u00e1ci\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 sa t\u00fdkali kac\u00edrskej \u010dinnosti templ\u00e1rov (znesv\u00e4covanie kr\u00ed\u017ea a sviatosti olt\u00e1rnej, homosexualita, neslu\u0161n\u00e9 prij\u00edmacie ritu\u00e1ly, spojenie s\u00a0nepriate\u013esk\u00fdmi Sarac\u00e9nmi atp.), za\u010dal Filip IV. proces proti templ\u00e1rom.<\/p>\n

V\u00a0noci z 12. na 13. okt\u00f3bra 1307 boli v\u0161etci templ\u00e1rski rytieri vo Franc\u00fazsku zatknut\u00ed a ich statky boli skonfi\u0161kovan\u00e9. V\u00a0zajat\u00ed sa ocitol i ve\u013emajster Jacques de Molay spolu so svoj\u00edm z\u00e1stupcom Hugom de Perraultom.\u00a0 R\u00ed\u0161ske zhroma\u017edenie v\u00a0r. 1308 potvrdilo vinu templ\u00e1rov a tie\u017e p\u00e1pe\u017e na kr\u00e1\u013eov n\u00e1tlak nariadil pokra\u010dovanie v\u00a0procese. Mnoho templ\u00e1rov bolo na r\u00f4znych miestach Franc\u00fazska up\u00e1len\u00fdch, ale v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina sa priznala ku kac\u00edrstvu a zriekla sa ho, v\u010faka \u010domu bolo mno\u017estvo templ\u00e1rov prepusten\u00fdch na slobodu. Potom sa v\u00a0okt\u00f3bri r. 1311 zi\u0161iel koncil vo Vienne, ktor\u00e9ho sa z\u00fa\u010dastnilo cez 300 biskupov z\u00a0Franc\u00fazska, Talianska, Anglicka, \u0160k\u00f3tska, Uhorska a z\u00a0\u010fal\u0161\u00edch katol\u00edckych kraj\u00edn. V\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina jeho \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edkov sa postavila proti n\u00e1vrhu Klimenta V., aby bol r\u00e1d templ\u00e1rov ods\u00faden\u00fd a zru\u0161en\u00fd. Ke\u010f sa na koncile objavil Filip IV. s\u00a0oddielom ozbrojencov a dal najavo, \u010do o\u010dak\u00e1va od koncilu, cirkevn\u00ed hodnost\u00e1ri sa podriadili n\u00e1vrhu Klimenta V. Bola vydan\u00e1 bula, ktor\u00e1 bola kompromisom medzi oboma stranami, v\u00a0ktorej sa u\u017e o templ\u00e1roch nehovorilo ako o kac\u00edroch, ale iba ako o podozriv\u00fdch z\u00a0kac\u00edrstva. I napriek tomu bol r\u00e1d 22. marca 1312 ofici\u00e1lne zru\u0161en\u00fd. Majetok templ\u00e1rov mal pripadn\u00fa\u0165 johanitom (inak \u0161pit\u00e1lnici, malt\u00e9zski rytieri), ale z\u00a0v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ej \u010dasti si ho privlastnil Filip IV., \u010do mu vynieslo vraj a\u017e 12 mili\u00f3nov libier.<\/p>\n

Fin\u00e1lnym aktom nieko\u013ekoro\u010dn\u00e9ho procesu s\u00a0templ\u00e1rmi bol cirkevn\u00fd s\u00fad s\u00a0najvy\u0161\u0161\u00edmi predstavite\u013emi templ\u00e1rskeho r\u00e1du. Uskuto\u010dnil sa v\u00a0marci 1314 pred par\u00ed\u017eskym chr\u00e1mom Notre-Dame. Tam boli z\u00a0v\u00e4zenia prevezen\u00ed ve\u013emajster Jacques de Molay, vizit\u00e1tor Franc\u00fazska Hugo de Perrault, majster Normandie Geoffroi Charnay a majster v\u00a0Aquitanii Godefroi de Nocnville. Vzh\u013eadom k tomu, \u017ee sa v\u0161etci priznali, ods\u00fadil ich cirkevn\u00fd s\u00fad k\u00a0do\u017eivotn\u00e9mu v\u00e4zeniu. Vtedy sa v\u0161ak ve\u013emajster Molay a majster\u00a0 Charnay postavili proti obvineniu z\u00a0kac\u00edrstva. Obaja prehl\u00e1sili, \u017ee sa dopustili iba tej viny, \u017ee hanebne zradili r\u00e1d obvinen\u00fd z\u00a0vymyslen\u00fdch zlo\u010dinov len pre z\u00e1chranu svojho \u017eivota. To bol koniec oboch v\u00fdznamn\u00fdch templ\u00e1rskych hodnost\u00e1rov, lebo 18. marca 1314 boli na Ile-des-Javiaux, ostrove na rieke Seina v\u00a0centre Par\u00ed\u017ea, obaja verejne up\u00e1len\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Jacques de Molay tesne pred svojou smr\u0165ou preklial franc\u00fazskeho kr\u00e1\u013ea, ministra i p\u00e1pe\u017ea a v\u0161etk\u00fdch povolal, aby sa do roka zodpovedali zo svojich \u010dinov pred Bohom. Nie je bez zauj\u00edmavosti, \u017ee v\u0161etci traja prekliati zomreli e\u0161te v\u00a0ten ist\u00fd rok! Z\u00e1hadou zostala aj templ\u00e1rska flotila pozost\u00e1vaj\u00faca z 18 lod\u00ed kotviacich vo franc\u00fazskom pr\u00edstave La Rochelle, ktor\u00e1 zmizla bez stopy. O jej osude existuj\u00fa len dohady.<\/p>\n

Pokra\u010dovanie nabud\u00face<\/em><\/p>\n

Z archiva KPUFO.EU\/SK<\/em> \u0158\u00e1d ryt\u00ed\u0159\u016f Krista a chr\u00e1mu \u0160alomounova (Templ\u00e1\u0159i) – <\/em>http:\/\/www.kpufo.cz\/oblasti\/ota\/templar\/index.htm<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Motto: Non nobis, Domine, non nobis, sed Nomini Tuo da gloriam. (Nie pre n\u00e1s, Bo\u017ee, nie pre n\u00e1s, ale da\u0165<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2695,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[35,24],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kpufo.eu\/sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/337"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kpufo.eu\/sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kpufo.eu\/sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kpufo.eu\/sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kpufo.eu\/sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=337"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/kpufo.eu\/sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/337\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2966,"href":"https:\/\/kpufo.eu\/sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/337\/revisions\/2966"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kpufo.eu\/sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2695"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kpufo.eu\/sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=337"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kpufo.eu\/sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=337"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kpufo.eu\/sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=337"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}