{"id":342,"date":"2010-12-28T00:00:18","date_gmt":"2010-12-27T23:00:18","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/kpufo.eu\/sk\/wordpress\/index.php\/2010\/12\/28\/141\/"},"modified":"2026-02-08T21:50:21","modified_gmt":"2026-02-08T20:50:21","slug":"141","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kpufo.eu\/sk\/index.php\/2010\/12\/28\/141\/","title":{"rendered":"Archeol\u00f3govia odha\u013euj\u00fa z\u00e1hadu rondelov"},"content":{"rendered":"

V \u010dl\u00e1nku Archeol\u00f3govia odkr\u00fdvaj\u00fa kamenn\u00e9 srdce Eur\u00f3py (1) <\/em>p\u00edsal David Keys o monument\u00e1lnych kruhov\u00fdch stavb\u00e1ch zo strednej Eur\u00f3py, star\u00fdch takmer 7000 rokov, ktor\u00fdch \u00fa\u010del nie je doposia\u013e zn\u00e1my. <\/strong><\/p>\n

\"rondel_\"\u010cesk\u00fd archeol\u00f3g V\u00e1clav Matou\u0161ek upozornil na fakt, \u017ee tieto stavby s\u00faviseli so zn\u00e1mou lengyelskou kult\u00farou a uviedol pr\u00edklady rondelov z Moravy.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Medzi\u010dasom sme zistili, \u017ee \u010dasopis Slovensk\u00e1 archeol\u00f3gia 2\/2004<\/em> obsahuje podrobn\u00fa a ve\u013emi zauj\u00edmav\u00fa anal\u00fdzu mnoh\u00fdch rondelov, n\u00e1jden\u00fdch na \u00fazem\u00ed dne\u0161n\u00e9ho Slovenska (\u017dlkovce, Svod\u00edn, Bu\u010dany, Horn\u00e9 Otrokovce a \u010fal\u0161\u00edch), ale aj na in\u00fdch miestach v strednej Eur\u00f3pe. Slovensk\u00ed archeol\u00f3govia \u0161tuduj\u00fa rondely u\u017e viac ako 25 rokov.<\/p>\n

H\u013eadanie orient\u00e1cie v \u010dase<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u010cl\u00e1nok Orient\u00e1cia rondelov lengyelskej kult\u00fary na smery vysok\u00e9ho a n\u00edzkeho mesiaca nap\u00edsali Juraj Pav\u00fak a Vladim\u00edr Karlovsk\u00fd. Vypl\u00fdva z neho, \u017ee rondely zrejme sl\u00fa\u017eili na viacero \u00fa\u010delov, zjavn\u00e1 sa v\u0161ak zd\u00e1 by\u0165 ich astronomick\u00e1 funkcia zachyti\u0165 poz\u00edciu Mesiaca v najvhodnej\u0161om momente, aby neolitick\u00ed \u013eudia vedeli, kedy maj\u00fa za\u010da\u0165 sia\u0165. V tom \u010dase (4800, respekt\u00edve 4500 rokov pred n. l.) term\u00edny vych\u00e1dzali na 13. m\u00e1ja a 14. novembra (\u010das jarnej a jesennej sejby). Ro\u010dn\u00e9 obdobia tie\u017e boli in\u00e9 ako dnes: jar trvala 105 dn\u00ed (od 28. janu\u00e1ra do 13. m\u00e1ja), leto 80 dn\u00ed (13. m\u00e1j – 1. august), jese\u0148 105 dn\u00ed (1.august – 14. november) a zima 75 dn\u00ed (14. november – 28. janu\u00e1r).<\/p>\n

V uveden\u00fdch dob\u00e1ch neolitu bolo s\u00edce celkovo teplej\u0161ie, v porovnan\u00ed s dne\u0161kom v\u0161ak boli ove\u013ea v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie tepeln\u00e9 rozdiely medzi letom a zimou, jese\u0148ou a jarou (hor\u00face leto, ve\u013emi tepl\u00e1 jese\u0148, studen\u00e1 a\u017e krut\u00e1 zima a ve\u013emi chladn\u00e1 jar), tak\u017ee jarn\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce sa museli za\u010d\u00edna\u0165 nesk\u00f4r ako teraz. Ako p\u00ed\u0161u autori, rentabiln\u00e9 po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstvo v miernom p\u00e1sme bez orient\u00e1cie v \u010dase, najm\u00e4 v zhor\u0161en\u00fdch klimatick\u00fdch podmienkach, bolo sotva mo\u017en\u00e9. Potreba rondelov musela by\u0165 naozaj ve\u013emi siln\u00e1, ke\u010f ani skaln\u00e9 podlo\u017eie (B\u011bcha\u0159ovice, K\u0159ep\u010dice, Gauderdorf, ale aj Stonehenge) stavite\u013eov neodradilo.<\/p>\n

Mesiac a Slnko<\/strong><\/p>\n

Autori p\u00ed\u0161u: „Zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fd z\u00e1ujem o cie\u013eavedom\u00e9 pozorovanie a meranie chodu Mesiaca mohol sp\u00f4sobi\u0165 n\u00e1stup suchej peri\u00f3dy, po\u010das ktorej sa obdobie zr\u00e1\u017eok podstatne skracovalo, s \u010d\u00edm s\u00favisela mal\u00e1 obla\u010dnos\u0165 po\u010das roka… T\u00e1to zmena prin\u00fatila obyvate\u013eov k orient\u00e1cii v \u010dase. Ako najvhodnej\u0161\u00ed objekt posl\u00fa\u017eil Mesiac, ktor\u00fd neust\u00e1le men\u00ed f\u00e1zy, ktor\u00fd bol asi pova\u017eovan\u00fd za p\u00f4vodcu sucha, chladu, da\u017e\u010fa, pr\u00edpadne za silu, ktor\u00e1 to ovplyv\u0148uje, \u010d\u00edm sa stal \u010dloveku pocitovo asi bli\u017e\u0161\u00edm ako Slnko.“<\/em><\/p>\n

Pod\u013ea J. Pav\u00faka a V. Karlovsk\u00e9ho sotva mo\u017eno dnes n\u00e1js\u0165 presved\u010div\u00fd d\u00f4kaz, \u017ee na\u0161i neolitick\u00ed predkovia stavali rondely v prvom rade ako observat\u00f3ri\u00e1, v\u0161etko tomu v\u0161ak nasved\u010duje.<\/p>\n

Pre\u010do odch\u00e1dzali?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Inou z\u00e1hadou je, pre\u010do \u013eudia nam\u00e1havo vybudovan\u00e9 rondely op\u00fa\u0161\u0165ali. Aj tu mala pravdepodobne d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fd v\u00fdznam peri\u00f3da 19 rokov, po\u010das ktorej sa Mesiac dostal do rovnakej krajnej polohy na horizonte. Len v tom roku bolo mo\u017en\u00e9 vyt\u00fd\u010di\u0165 \u017eiadan\u00fd smer. Rondely v \u017dlkovciach a Bu\u010danoch s\u00fa orientovan\u00e9 v krajnej polohe na severoz\u00e1padnom smere n\u00edzkeho Mesiaca. A pod\u013ea toho v roku vysok\u00e9ho \u010di n\u00edzkeho Mesiaca doch\u00e1dzalo k v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm rozhodnutiam.<\/p>\n

Pri rozhodnut\u00ed o zmene s\u00eddla to mohli by\u0165 d\u00f4vody hospod\u00e1rske, vyvolan\u00e9 zni\u010den\u00edm \u010di vy\u010derpan\u00edm okolia osady a pol\u00ed. K neekonomick\u00fdm d\u00f4vodom opustenia starej a zalo\u017eenia novej osady mohol patri\u0165 pr\u00e1ve ur\u010dit\u00fd po\u010det 19-ro\u010dn\u00fdch cyklov. Astronomicky orientovan\u00e9 rondely lengyelskej kult\u00fary, r\u00e1diokarb\u00f3novou met\u00f3dou datovan\u00e9 do 5. storo\u010dia pred n. l., pos\u00favaj\u00fa astronomick\u00e9 vedomosti vtedaj\u0161\u00edch \u013eud\u00ed o takmer 2000 rokov pred sl\u00e1vne Stonehenge.<\/p>\n

Stredour\u00f3pske rondely teda naozaj patria zatia\u013e k najstar\u0161\u00edm stavb\u00e1m, ktor\u00e9 sl\u00fa\u017eili na pozorovanie Mesiaca a Slnka a zrejme aj na ich uctievanie. „Zatia\u013e nie je zn\u00e1me,“<\/em> p\u00ed\u0161u autori, „kam v \u010dase a priestore siaha zrod objavu t\u00fdchto pravidelnost\u00ed v chode Slnka a Mesiaca a ich kalend\u00e1rneho vyu\u017e\u00edvania. Sotva v\u0161ak boli znovu objaven\u00e9 na Britsk\u00fdch ostrovoch, kde sa astronomicky orientovan\u00e9 kruhovit\u00e9 stavby mimoriadne \u010dasto vyskytuj\u00fa.“<\/em><\/p>\n

Fascinuj\u00faca predstava<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ak prijmeme predstavu o presnej astronomickej orient\u00e1cii rondelov, m\u00f4\u017eeme si pod\u013ea J. Pav\u00faka a V. Karlovsk\u00e9ho osvoji\u0165 aj „celkom fascinuj\u00facu predstavu o tom, ako \u013eudia ve\u013ekej \u010dasti strednej Eur\u00f3py v roku vysok\u00e9ho alebo n\u00edzkeho Mesiaca v tom istom term\u00edne o\u010dak\u00e1vali a oslavovali zost\u00fapenie Mesiaca do br\u00e1ny rondelu. A v ten ist\u00fd de\u0148 (13. m\u00e1ja) ka\u017edoro\u010dne vo vchodoch rondelov s orient\u00e1ciou na n\u00edzky Mesiac predch\u00e1dzaj\u00face Slnko odmeriavalo \u010das a na ve\u013ekej \u010dasti Podunajska oznamovalo ro\u013en\u00edkom \u010das sejby.<\/em> Rok 2006 bude rokom vysok\u00e9ho Mesiaca, rok 2015 bude rokom n\u00edzkeho Mesiaca.“<\/em><\/p>\n

Odkazy<\/em><\/p>\n

(1) Archeol\u00f3govia odkr\u00fdvaj\u00fa kamenn\u00e9 srdce Eur\u00f3py – SME 23. 6.2005, <\/em>http:\/\/veda.sme.sk\/c\/2269853\/archeologovia-odkryvaju-kamenne-srdce-europy.html<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n

Z arch\u00edva KPUFO.EU\/SK<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

V \u010dl\u00e1nku Archeol\u00f3govia odkr\u00fdvaj\u00fa kamenn\u00e9 srdce Eur\u00f3py (1) p\u00edsal David Keys o monument\u00e1lnych kruhov\u00fdch stavb\u00e1ch zo strednej Eur\u00f3py, star\u00fdch takmer<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2923,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[40,25,35,24],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kpufo.eu\/sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/342"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kpufo.eu\/sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kpufo.eu\/sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kpufo.eu\/sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kpufo.eu\/sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=342"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/kpufo.eu\/sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/342\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3056,"href":"https:\/\/kpufo.eu\/sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/342\/revisions\/3056"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kpufo.eu\/sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2923"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kpufo.eu\/sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=342"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kpufo.eu\/sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=342"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kpufo.eu\/sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=342"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}