{"id":734,"date":"2013-06-30T13:41:13","date_gmt":"2013-06-30T11:41:13","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/kpufo.eu\/sk\/wordpress\/index.php\/2013\/06\/30\/moderni-slechteni-a-potraviny-5\/"},"modified":"2024-02-28T23:45:32","modified_gmt":"2024-02-28T22:45:32","slug":"moderni-slechteni-a-potraviny-5","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kpufo.eu\/sk\/index.php\/2013\/06\/30\/moderni-slechteni-a-potraviny-5\/","title":{"rendered":"MODERN\u00cd \u0160LECHT\u011aN\u00cd A POTRAVINY (5)"},"content":{"rendered":"

Co pot\u0159ebujeme v\u011bd\u011bt o potravin\u00e1ch z geneticky modifikovan\u00fdch plodin<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

Aby n\u00e1s odradili od plodin s p\u0159enesen\u00fdm genem, sna\u017e\u00ed se n\u00e1s n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed \u201eochr\u00e1nci p\u0159\u00edrody\u201c p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed o tradi\u010dn\u00edch \u010dl\u00e1nc\u00edch sv\u00e9 v\u00edry. \u0158\u00edkaj\u00ed\u00a0 t\u0159eba : <\/strong><\/p>\n

Zvy\u0161uj\u00ed pou\u017eit\u00ed pesticid\u016f<\/strong><\/p>\n

Jen\u017ee je to pr\u00e1v\u011b naopak. Plodiny, do kter\u00fdch byl p\u0159enesen gen z b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 bakterie Bacillus thuringiensis, tj. Bt plodiny (u n\u00e1s se p\u011bstuje Bt kuku\u0159ice) se dovedou br\u00e1nit hmyzu, kter\u00fd je napad\u00e1, bez chemie. D\u016fvodem jejich obliby mezi zem\u011bd\u011blci je pr\u00e1v\u011b to, \u017ee nevy\u017eaduj\u00ed post\u0159ik insekticidem.<\/p>\n

To dokl\u00e1daj\u00ed na\u0161i zem\u011bd\u011blci p\u011bstuj\u00edc\u00ed Bt kuku\u0159ici, zpr\u00e1vy na\u0161eho ministerstva zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed a celosv\u011btov\u00fd n\u00e1r\u016fst p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed takov\u00fdch plodin.<\/p>\n

U plodin necitliv\u00fdch na syst\u00e9mov\u00e9 herbicidy (to jsou herbicidy, kter\u00e9 hub\u00ed ve\u0161ker\u00e9 rostliny a zni\u010dily by i b\u011b\u017enou plodinu), tzv. herbicid-tolerantn\u00edch, \u010dili HT plodin, je nahrazeno pou\u017eit\u00ed b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch herbicid\u016f on\u00edm syst\u00e9mov\u00fdm. P\u0159ednost\u00ed je, \u017ee tyto herbicidy v p\u016fd\u011b nep\u0159etrv\u00e1vaj\u00ed a pom\u011brn\u011b rychle se rozkl\u00e1daj\u00ed. Aplikuj\u00ed se m\u00e9n\u011b \u010dasto, a proto\u017ee p\u016fsob\u00ed na v\u0161echny plevely, nahrazuj\u00ed sm\u011bs (tzv. koktejl) b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch herbicid\u016f. Nav\u00edc pou\u017eit\u00ed HT plodin umo\u017e\u0148uje omezen\u00ed \u010di i vynech\u00e1n\u00ed orby, co\u017e m\u00e1 velice pozitivn\u00ed v\u00fdznam pro vl\u00e1hu, erozi a produkci sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plyn\u016f.<\/p>\n

Tito \u201en\u00e1st\u0159e\u0161n\u00ed ekologov\u00e9\u201c vymysleli speci\u00e1ln\u00ed stra\u0161idlo:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Superplevely<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nen\u00ed to plevel necitliv\u00fd na n\u011bkolik herbicid\u016f. Takov\u00fdch m\u00e1me n\u011bkolik, t\u0159eba rdesno je necitliv\u00e9 na 5 b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch herbicid\u016f. Superstra\u0161\u00e1kem je pouze plevel necitliv\u00fd jen na jeden herbicid, a to pr\u00e1v\u011b na onen, na kter\u00fd jsou odoln\u00e9 transgenn\u00ed HT plodiny. Jen\u017ee to m\u00e1 h\u00e1\u010dek. Jak zn\u00e1mo, \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 HT plodiny necitliv\u00e9 na syst\u00e9mov\u00fd herbicid glyfos\u00e1t se u n\u00e1s nep\u011bstuj\u00ed. P\u0159esto se tohoto herbicidu vyst\u0159\u00edk\u00e1 tis\u00edc tun ro\u010dn\u011b. Kdyby ve\u0161ker\u00e1 s\u00f3ja, kter\u00e1 se u n\u00e1s p\u011bstuje, byla transgenn\u00ed, necitliv\u00e1 na glyfos\u00e1t, jeho spot\u0159eba by stoupla o 2 %. P\u0159edstavme si, \u017ee se objev\u00ed plevel necitliv\u00fd na glyfos\u00e1t. On\u011bch tis\u00edc tun by to mohlo zp\u016fsobit. Av\u0161ak podle aktivist\u016f by za to mohlo pou\u017eit\u00ed transgenn\u00ed s\u00f3ji, tedy ona dv\u011b procenta, o kter\u00e9 stoupla spot\u0159eba vinou HT s\u00f3ji.<\/p>\n

Superplevel ov\u0161em m\u016f\u017ee vzniknout t\u00e9\u017e zk\u0159\u00ed\u017een\u00edm plevele z transgenn\u00ed plodinou, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e se gen zaji\u0161\u0165uj\u00edc\u00ed necitlivost p\u0159enese. Proto se u n\u00e1s pe\u010dliv\u011b zva\u017eovala HT \u0159epka, proto\u017ee je to jedin\u00e1 plodina, kter\u00e1 se s plevely m\u016f\u017ee k\u0159\u00ed\u017eit.<\/p>\n

P\u016fsob\u00ed na city a hl\u00e1saj\u00ed, \u017ee <\/strong><\/p>\n

Ni\u010d\u00ed ne\u0161kodn\u00fd a kr\u00e1sn\u00fd hmyz<\/strong><\/p>\n

Rozhodn\u011b m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e alternativn\u00ed post\u0159ik insekticidem. Ten nen\u00ed selektivn\u00ed a v\u011bt\u0161inou je dotykov\u00fd. Bt plodiny maj\u00ed naproti tomu toxin, kter\u00fd \u00fa\u010dinkuje jen v za\u017e\u00edvac\u00ed trubici a jen na ur\u010ditou skupinu hmyzu.<\/p>\n

U n\u00e1s p\u011bstovan\u00e1 Bt kuku\u0159ice m\u00e1 toxin p\u016fsob\u00edc\u00ed na housenky mot\u00fdl\u016f, m\u016fr a mol\u016f. Nikoli na dvouk\u0159\u00eddl\u00fd hmyz (mouchy), blanok\u0159\u00eddl\u00fd (mravenci, vosy, v\u010dely) ani na brouky. T\u00edm, \u017ee p\u016fsob\u00ed a\u017e v za\u017e\u00edvac\u00ed trubici, je zam\u011b\u0159en proti tomu, kdo si do plodiny kousne. A to obvykle nen\u00ed ne\u0161kodn\u00fd hmyz. Pokusy, kter\u00e9 v laborato\u0159i po\u0161kodily housenky ne\u0161kodn\u00fdch a kr\u00e1sn\u00fdch mot\u00fdl\u016f, kdy\u017e byly donucen\u00e9 \u017er\u00e1t velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed pylu zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b toxick\u00e9 odr\u016fdy Bt kuku\u0159ice, jsou sice laboratorn\u011b zaj\u00edmav\u00e9, ale v p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b nic takov\u00e9ho nenastane. P\u0159esto se staly par\u00e1dn\u00edm \u010d\u00edslem agit\u00e1tor\u016f. Podobn\u011b je tomu s hypot\u00e9zou, \u017ee by zbytky Bt kuku\u0159ice mohly padnout do potoka a tam ubl\u00ed\u017eit n\u011bkter\u00fdm larv\u00e1m.<\/p>\n

Ji\u017e dvacet let opakuj\u00ed:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Vytla\u010d\u00ed voln\u011b \u017eij\u00edc\u00ed rostliny! Nahrad\u00ed star\u00e9 dobr\u00e9 odr\u016fdy!<\/strong><\/p>\n

P\u0159edstava jak Bt kuku\u0159ice, proto\u017ee je necitliv\u00e1 na zav\u00edje\u010de, vytla\u010d\u00ed t\u0159eba kop\u0159ivy, je legra\u010dn\u00ed i pro d\u011bti, nicm\u00e9n\u011b tuto mantru agit\u00e1to\u0159i ji\u017e skoro dvacet let st\u00e1le opakuj\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Cel\u00fd v\u00fdvoj zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed prob\u00edhal tak, \u017ee v\u00fdkonn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed odr\u016fdy vytla\u010dovaly ty m\u00e9n\u011b v\u00fdkonn\u00e9. Tak tomu bude i nad\u00e1le, i kdyby transgenn\u00ed plodiny neexistovaly.<\/p>\n

Budou-li transgenn\u00ed odr\u016fdy v\u00fdkonn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, budou v t\u00e9to historii pokra\u010dovat ne proto, \u017ee jsou transgenn\u00ed, ale proto, \u017ee jsou v\u00fdkonn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Zv\u00e1\u017e\u00edme-li v\u0161echny ov\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 i hypotetick\u00e9 vlivy GMO z hlediska ekologie, vyjde zcela b\u011b\u017en\u00fd v\u00fdsledek: P\u0159enos gen\u016f, jako ka\u017ed\u00e1 technologie, se mus\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edvat podle ur\u010dit\u00fdch pravidel; pak p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed u\u017eitek, pro kter\u00fd vznikla. Poru\u0161en\u00ed pravidel m\u016f\u017ee vyvolat \u0161kodu.<\/p>\n

Takov\u00e9 z\u00e1v\u011bry p\u0159inesly poznatky shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00e9 nejlep\u0161\u00edmi odborn\u00edky i miliony zem\u011bd\u011blc\u016f na cel\u00e9m sv\u011bte. Jen\u017ee kdy\u017e se odborn\u00edci sna\u017e\u00ed vysv\u011btlit, jak\u00e1 je skute\u010dnost, nap\u0159\u00edklad \u017ee j\u00edme miliardy bakteri\u00ed a miliony gen\u016f dod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed bakteri\u00edm necitlivost na antibiotika, je situace pro skupiny hl\u00e1saj\u00edc\u00ed v\u00edru o \u0161kodlivosti GMO v\u00e1\u017en\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Je proto t\u0159eba zdiskreditovat inform\u00e1tory o nepohodln\u00fdch skute\u010dnostech prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00edm, \u017ee:<\/strong><\/p>\n

V\u011bdci jsou zkorumpovan\u00ed nadn\u00e1rodn\u00edm kapit\u00e1lem, aktivist\u00e9 jsou nez\u00e1visl\u00ed<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nepochybn\u011b se najdou \u201ev\u011bdci\u201c, kte\u0159\u00ed sv\u016fj v\u00fdzkum n\u011bjak \u201ep\u0159izp\u016fsob\u00ed\u201c r\u016fzn\u00fdm po\u017eadavk\u016fm. Jen\u017ee mezi v\u011bdci je podobn\u00e1 konkurence jako mezi firmami, i kdy\u017e m\u00e1 jin\u00e9 n\u00e1stroje a jin\u00e9 projevy. Na nesolidn\u00ed pokusy nebo nedostate\u010dn\u011b podlo\u017een\u00e9 z\u00e1v\u011bry se p\u0159ijde brzo. A autor je pak ve v\u011bdeck\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b odeps\u00e1n. Kupodivu \u201er\u016fzn\u00e9 po\u017eadavky\u201c na \u201epr\u016fkaz\u201c \u0161kodlivosti GMO nep\u0159ich\u00e1zej\u00ed jen od vl\u00e1d \u010di mocn\u00fdch politik\u016f stoj\u00edc\u00edch proti GMO.<\/p>\n

Dokonce i n\u00e1tlakov\u00e1 organizace finan\u010dn\u011b p\u0159isp\u011bla v tomto sm\u011bru na \u201evhodn\u00e9\u201c statistick\u00e9 zhodnocen\u00ed pokusn\u00fdch v\u00fdsledk\u016f. Krom\u011b toho pro nesolidn\u00ed v\u011bdce m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt l\u00e1kadlem popularita, o kterou se postaraj\u00ed aktivist\u00e9 a novin\u00e1\u0159i, vyrob\u00ed-li \u201ed\u016fkazy\u201c proti GMO.<\/p>\n

Kdo v\u011b\u0159\u00ed v nez\u00e1vislost aktivist\u016f, m\u011bl by se sezn\u00e1mit s n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed episodou z roku 2002:<\/p>\n

Des\u00e1t\u00e9ho kv\u011btna 2001 oznamuje Reuters z \u0158\u00edma zpr\u00e1vu: \u201eAktivist\u00e9 environment\u00e1ln\u00edch a spot\u0159ebitelsk\u00fdch skupin vyzvali dnes k z\u00e1kazu ve\u0161ker\u00fdch potravin obsahuj\u00edc\u00edch k\u0159\u00ed\u017eence z\u00edskan\u00e9 pomoc\u00ed z\u00e1\u0159en\u00edm indukovan\u00fdch mutac\u00ed.\u201c<\/em> Mohou za to Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, kter\u00e9 ve\u0159ejnosti zprost\u0159edkovaly v\u00fdtah z pravideln\u00e9 v\u00fdro\u010dn\u00ed zpr\u00e1vy Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed agentury pro atomovou energii IAEA.<\/p>\n

Sd\u011blovala, \u017ee od roku 1963 se do praxe uvedlo 2252 radia\u010dn\u00edch mutant, tak\u017ee pokr\u00fdvaj\u00ed sedmdes\u00e1t procent zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 p\u016fdy. V\u011bt\u0161inou se z\u00edskaly pomoc\u00ed oz\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed kobaltem 60 nebo rentgenem.<\/p>\n

Aktivist\u00e9 byli \u0161okov\u00e1ni.<\/p>\n

Charles Marguli z Greenpeace USA prohl\u00e1sil: \u201eV\u017edycky jsem myslel, \u017ee rostliny, kter\u00e9 j\u00edme, vytvo\u0159ila Matka p\u0159\u00edroda. Te\u010f n\u00e1m v\u011bdci \u0159\u00edkaj\u00ed, \u017ee jsou to um\u011bl\u00e9 hybridy. To je stra\u0161n\u00e9!\u201c <\/em><\/p>\n

Larry Bohlen z Friends of the Earth \u2013 dal\u0161\u00ed ekologistick\u00e9 organizace fanaticky bojuj\u00edc\u00ed proti GMO \u2013 \u0159ekl: \u201eV\u017edy mn\u011b bylo podez\u0159el\u00e9, kdy\u017e jsem jedl grepy bez jader, \u017ee n\u011bco nen\u00ed v po\u0159\u00e1dku. Jak je d\u011blaj\u00ed? Posledn\u00edch p\u011bt let jsme se soust\u0159edili na biotechnologick\u00e9 plodiny.<\/em>
\nAle to je jen vrchol ledovce! Zat\u00edm co biotechnologie manipuluje n\u011bkolika m\u00e1lo geny, oza\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed zasahuje stovky i tis\u00edce gen\u016f a je proto potenci\u00e1ln\u011b mnohem nebezpe\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. A tyto radia\u010dn\u00ed mutanty nejsou ani testovan\u00e9 na bezpe\u010dnost pro lidi, ani ozna\u010den\u00e9\u201c.<\/em><\/p>\n

Podobn\u00e9 n\u00e1zory vyj\u00e1d\u0159ila Jane Rissler z Union of Concerned Scientists: \u201eJak m\u016f\u017eeme v\u011bd\u011bt, \u017ee n\u00e1m ne\u0161kod\u00ed, kdy\u017e nejsou zna\u010den\u00e9? Radiace zasahuje cel\u00fd genom. Ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s nimi jsou geneticky modifikovan\u00e9 organismy stejn\u011b nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9 jako jednonoh\u00fd z\u00e1pasn\u00edk v kick-boxu.\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n

Je vid\u011bt, \u017ee i \u201eaktivist\u00e9\u201c bojuj\u00edc\u00ed proti GMO maj\u00ed vlastn\u00ed rozum. V podstat\u011b toti\u017e m\u011bli pravdu. Jen\u017ee jejich svoboda voln\u011b se vyjad\u0159ovat netrvala dlouho.<\/p>\n

Kamenem \u00farazu bylo, \u017ee mezi zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00fdmi radia\u010dn\u00edmi mutanty krom\u011b kalifornsk\u00fdch grep\u016f byla tak\u00e9 tvrd\u00e1 p\u0161enice, ze kter\u00e9 se vyr\u00e1b\u00ed obl\u00edben\u00e9 italsk\u00e9 t\u011bstoviny. Italsk\u00fd ministr zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed a \u010deln\u00fd p\u0159edstavitel strany Zelen\u00fdch Alfonso Pecoraro Scanio prohl\u00e1sil, \u017ee \u010dl\u00e1nek Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung<\/em> je \u00fatok n\u011bmeck\u00e9 konkurence na nej\u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011bj\u0161\u00ed italsk\u00fd exportn\u00ed artikl a po\u017eadoval diplomatick\u00e9 kroky. Nakonec se v\u0161e diplomaticky uklidnilo, ale v\u00fdmluvn\u00e9 je \u2013 od t\u00e9 doby, \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd \u201enez\u00e1visl\u00fd aktivista\u201c chr\u00e1n\u00edc\u00ed spot\u0159ebitele a p\u0159\u00edrodu o radia\u010dn\u00edch mutantech ani ne\u0161pitl.<\/p>\n

Pokra\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u011b<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Co pot\u0159ebujeme v\u011bd\u011bt o potravin\u00e1ch z geneticky modifikovan\u00fdch plodin<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3040,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[15,23],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kpufo.eu\/sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/734"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kpufo.eu\/sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kpufo.eu\/sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kpufo.eu\/sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kpufo.eu\/sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=734"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/kpufo.eu\/sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/734\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1767,"href":"https:\/\/kpufo.eu\/sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/734\/revisions\/1767"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kpufo.eu\/sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3040"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kpufo.eu\/sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=734"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kpufo.eu\/sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=734"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kpufo.eu\/sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=734"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}